Early Cultivation

In Vitro Cultivation of Early Rat Embryos1

In vitro cultivation of early mammalian embryos under controlled con ditions in various kinds of media have been reported by numerous investigators. According to Austin's detailed review in 1961, the majority of studies in this field have involved the rabbit, mouse, and a few other mammalian species. It has been shown that rabbit ova will cleave readily and develop into morulae in a defined med...

Cultivation Techniques

Early maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation in Mexico: dating sedimentary pollen records and its implications.

A sedimentary pollen sequence from the coastal plain of Veracruz, Mexico, demonstrates maize cultivation by 5,000 years ago, refining understanding of the geography of early maize cultivation. Methodological issues related to bioturbation involved in dating that record combine with its similarity to a pollen sequence from the coastal plain of Tabasco, Mexico, to suggest that the inception of ma...

The ripples of "The Big (agricultural) Bang": the spread of early wheat cultivation.

Demographic expansion and (or) migrations leave their mark in the pattern of DNA polymorphisms of the respective populations. Likewise, the spread of cultural phenomena can be traced by dating archaeological finds and reconstructing their direction and pace. A similar course of events is likely to have taken place following the "Big Bang" of the agricultural spread in the Neolithic Near East fr...

Engineering characterisation of a shaken, single-use photobioreactor for early stage microalgae cultivation using Chlorella sorokiniana.

This work describes the characterisation and culture performance of a novel, orbitally shaken, single-use photobioreactor (SUPBr) system for microalgae cultivation. The SUPBr mounted on an orbitally shaken platform was illuminated from below. Investigation of fluid hydrodynamics indicated a range of different flow regimes and the existence of 'in-phase' and 'out-of-phase' conditions. Quantifica...